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Maven 基础

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环境变量

export M2_HOME=/Users/wenjun/apache-maven-3.5.2
export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin

确认生效

➜  apache-maven-3.5.2 mvn --version
Apache Maven 3.5.2 (138edd61fd100ec658bfa2d307c43b76940a5d7d; 2017-10-18T15:58:13+08:00)
Maven home: /Users/wenjun/apache-maven-3.5.2
Java version: 1.8.0_91, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_91.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.13.2", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"

Maven - POM

POM 代表工程对象模型。它是使用 Maven 工作时的基本组建，是一个 xml 文件。它被放在工程根目录下，文件命名为 pom.xml。

POM 包含了关于工程和各种配置细节的信息，Maven 使用这些信息构建工程。

POM 也包含了目标和插件。当执行一个任务或者目标时，Maven 会查找当前目录下的 POM，从其中读取所需要的配置信息，然后执行目标。能够在 POM 中设置的一些配置如下：

  • project dependencies
  • plugins
  • goals
  • build profiles
  • project version
  • developers
  • mailing list

在创建 POM 之前，我们首先确定工程组（groupId），及其名称（artifactId）和版本，在仓库中这些属性是工程的唯一标识。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>
   <artifactId>project</artifactId>
   <version>1.0</version>

</project>

需要说明的是每个工程应该只有一个 POM 文件。

  • 所有的 POM 文件需要 project 元素和三个必须的字段：groupId, artifactId,version。
  • 在仓库中的工程标识为 groupId:artifactId:version
  • POM.xml 的根元素是 project，它有三个主要的子节点：
节点 描述
groupId 这是工程组的标识。它在一个组织或者项目中通常是唯一的。例如，一个银行组织 com.company.bank 拥有所有的和银行相关的项目。
artifactId 这是工程的标识。它通常是工程的名称。例如，消费者银行。groupId 和 artifactId 一起定义了 artifact 在仓库中的位置。
version 这是工程的版本号。在 artifact 的仓库中，它用来区分不同的版本。例如：com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.0com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.1.

Super POM

所有的 POM 都继承自一个父 POM（无论是否显式定义了这个父 POM）。父 POM 也被称作 Super POM，它包含了一些可以被继承的默认设置。

Maven 使用 effective pom（Super pom 加上工程自己的配置）来执行相关的目标，它帮助开发者在 pom.xml 中做尽可能少的配置，当然这些配置可以被方便的重写。

查看 Super POM 默认配置的一个简单方法是执行以下命令：

mvn help:effective-pom

输出

➜  pom mvn help:effective-pom
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.pom (4.7 kB at 1.5 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/12/maven-plugins-12.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/12/maven-plugins-12.pom (12 kB at 26 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.jar (24 kB at 42 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.pom (15 kB at 38 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/16/maven-plugins-16.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/16/maven-plugins-16.pom (13 kB at 33 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.jar (209 kB at 266 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.pom (11 kB at 29 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.jar (153 kB at 228 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.pom (9.3 kB at 23 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/release/maven-release/2.3.2/maven-release-2.3.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/release/maven-release/2.3.2/maven-release-2.3.2.pom (8.6 kB at 22 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.jar (44 kB at 106 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-metadata.xml
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml (20 kB at 48 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-metadata.xml (14 kB at 13 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/maven-metadata.xml
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/maven-metadata.xml (493 B at 1.4 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.pom (8.7 kB at 22 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.jar (68 kB at 109 kB/s)
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building project 1.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-help-plugin:2.2:effective-pom (default-cli) @ project ---
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.pom (4.6 kB at 12 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-2.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-2.4.3.pom (9.9 kB at 25 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.pom (1.3 kB at 3.6 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-container-default/1.0-alpha-7/plexus-container-default-1.0-alpha-7.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-container-default/1.0-alpha-7/plexus-container-default-1.0-alpha-7.pom (1.3 kB at 3.6 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-containers/1.0.2/plexus-containers-1.0.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-containers/1.0.2/plexus-containers-1.0.2.pom (471 B at 1.3 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-root/1.0.3/plexus-root-1.0.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-root/1.0.3/plexus-root-1.0.3.pom (6.0 kB at 15 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.pom (1.2 kB at 3.2 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.pom (8.6 kB at 22 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream-parent/1.4.3/xstream-parent-1.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream-parent/1.4.3/xstream-parent-1.4.3.pom (19 kB at 48 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/codehaus-parent/3/codehaus-parent-3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/codehaus-parent/3/codehaus-parent-3.pom (4.1 kB at 10 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.pom (386 B at 1.1 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.7/plexus-utils-1.5.7.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.jar (51 kB at 123 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.7/plexus-utils-1.5.7.jar (266 kB at 334 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar (7.2 kB at 8.9 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.jar (153 kB at 92 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.jar (138 kB at 82 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.jar (482 kB at 209 kB/s)
[INFO]
Effective POMs, after inheritance, interpolation, and profiles are applied:

<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!--                                                                        -->
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>
  <artifactId>project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/classes</outputDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <directory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target</directory>
    <finalName>project-1.0</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.3.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-clean</id>
            <phase>clean</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>clean</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testResources</id>
            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testResources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-resources</id>
            <phase>process-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>resources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-jar</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>jar</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-compile</id>
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>compile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testCompile</id>
            <phase>test-compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.12.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-install</id>
            <phase>install</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>install</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.7</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-site</id>
            <phase>site</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>site</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>site-deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
          <reportPlugins>
            <reportPlugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
            </reportPlugin>
          </reportPlugins>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
</project>

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 18.684 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-01-24T11:02:28+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/135M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

eclipse 创建 maven 工程

1.新建项目，选择 Maven-Maven Project

2.按如图所示配置

3.填写好相应的groupId,artifactId,version等信息，点击Finish

4.创建工程，找到pom.xml

比如我们要增加一个 jgit，则其配置如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.git.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app-simple</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>my-app-simple</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.eclipse.jgit</groupId>
            <artifactId>org.eclipse.jgit</artifactId>
            <version>4.8.0.201706111038-r</version>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

编辑完保存后工程会自动其下载对应的架包到当前工程

文章作者：阿文
文章链接： https://www.awen.me/post/10154.html
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本文于 2018-01-24 发布，已超过半年（2927天），请注意甄别内容是否已过期。