kvm简介
kvm（kernel+based Virtaul Machine）是目前主流的开源虚拟化解决方案，它是基于x86架构上的Linux操作系统的全虚拟化解决方案，在centos6.3系统中，kvm已经被集成在内核之中，相当于使用内核来做虚拟机的管理程序。由于其工作在内核层，所以执行效率要比传统的虚拟机化技术高很多，KVM虚拟化需要intel VT 或者 AMD-V技术的支持。需要确保操作系统支持虚拟机化。
调整BIOS
进入BIOS找到cpu相关设置，以华硕某主板为例
然后开启虚拟化
KVM的组件
KVM的虚拟机化组件包括Virtualization、Virtualization Client、Virtualization Platform、Virtualization Tools，其中
- Virtualization 是提供虚拟化环境的
- Viratualization Client 是提供虚拟机实例的客户端软件
- Virtualition Platform 是提供访问和控制虚拟机和容器的接口
- Virtualization Tools 是提供脱机虚拟机镜像管理工具
##KVM的存储方式
KVM的存储方式支持：本地磁盘文件、物理磁盘分区、LVM逻辑卷、iSCSI磁盘、GFS2文件系统、光纤LUNs设备等。
安装
1.实验环境：
- 操作系统:Centos6.8
- 内核：# Linux KVM 2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
查看系统是否支持
[root@localhost ~]# lsmod | grep kvm
kvm_intel 170181 0
kvm 554609 1 kvm_intel
irqbypass 13503 1 kvm2.安装Virtualization 组
yum -y install kvm python-virtinst libvirt tunctl bridge-utils virt-manager qemu-kvm-tools virt-viewer virt-v2v
yum -y install libguestfs-tools##创建虚拟机
虚拟机的创建可以通过图形化管理界面创建和管理也可以通过命令行工具实现。
1.图形化界面管理
使用virt-manager 来启动图形化界面创建
- 命令行运行virt-manger 来启动kvm的管理程序
- 然后点击新建按钮，新建一个虚拟机
报错信息：Warning:KVM is not available. This may mean the KVM package is not installed, or the KVM kernel modules are not loaded. your virtual machines may perform poorly. 是由于未启用虚拟机化，我这边使用的是VMware 虚拟机。关闭虚拟机后配置让其支持虚拟化。
- 选择一种安装操作系统的方式，我这里选择第一种，使用本地的光驱或IOS文件
- 加载镜像或光驱，并且选择操作系统类型和版本
- 分配内存和CPU
- 分配磁盘，其实和VMware安装虚拟机的步骤基本一致
-最后，配置网络确认配置无误后结束配置，创建完虚拟机
- 创建完成后会自动启动虚拟机，安装操作系统就不讲了。。
2.命令行方式
使用 virt-install 来进行控制和管理虚拟机
[root@KVM ~]# virt-
virt-clone virt-convert virt-host-validate virt-image virt-install virt-manager virt-pki-validate virt-top virt-viewer virt-what virt-xml-validate
[root@KVM ~]# virt-install --help
Usage: virt-install --name NAME --ram RAM STORAGE INSTALL [options]
Options:
--version show program's version number and exit
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--connect=URI Connect to hypervisor with libvirt URI
General Options:
-n NAME, --name=NAME
Name of the guest instance
-r MEMORY, --ram=MEMORY
Memory to allocate for guest instance in megabytes
--vcpus=VCPUS Number of vcpus to configure for your guest. Ex:
--vcpus 5
--vcpus 5,maxcpus=10
--vcpus sockets=2,cores=4,threads=2
--cpuset=CPUSET Set which physical CPUs domain can use.
--cpu=CPU CPU model and features. Ex: --cpu coreduo,+x2apic
--description=DESCRIPTION
Human readable description of the VM to store in the
generated XML.
--security=SECURITY
Set domain security driver configuration.
--numatune=NUMATUNE
Tune NUMA policy for the domain process.
Installation Method Options:
-c CDROM, --cdrom=CDROM
CD-ROM installation media
-l LOCATION, --location=LOCATION
Installation source (eg, nfs:host:/path,
http://host/path, ftp://host/path)
--pxe Boot from the network using the PXE protocol
--import Build guest around an existing disk image
--init=INIT Path to init binary for container guest. Ex:
--init /path/to/app (to contain an application)
--init /sbin/init (for a full OS container)
--livecd Treat the CD-ROM media as a Live CD
-x EXTRA, --extra-args=EXTRA
Additional arguments to pass to the install kernel
booted from --location
--initrd-inject=INITRD_INJECTIONS
Add given file to root of initrd from --location
--os-type=DISTRO_TYPE
The OS type being installed, e.g. 'linux', 'unix',
'windows'
--os-variant=DISTRO_VARIANT
The OS variant being installed guests, e.g. 'fedora6',
'rhel5', 'solaris10', 'win2k'
--boot=BOOTOPTS Optionally configure post-install boot order, menu,
permanent kernel boot, etc.
Storage Configuration:
--disk=DISKOPTS Specify storage with various options. Ex.
--disk path=/my/existing/disk
--disk path=/my/new/disk,size=5 (in gigabytes)
--disk vol=poolname:volname,device=cdrom,bus=scsi,...
--nodisks Don't set up any disks for the guest.
--filesystem=FILESYSTEMS
Pass host directory to the guest. Ex:
--filesystem /my/source/dir,/dir/in/guest
--filesystem template_name,/,type=template
Networking Configuration:
-w NETWORK, --network=NETWORK
Configure a guest network interface. Ex:
--network bridge=mybr0
--network network=my_libvirt_virtual_net
--network network=mynet,model=virtio,mac=00:11...
--nonetworks Don't create network interfaces for the guest.
Graphics Configuration:
--graphics=GRAPHICS
Configure guest display settings. Ex:
--graphics vnc
--graphics spice,port=5901,tlsport=5902
--graphics none
--graphics vnc,password=foobar,port=5910,keymap=ja
--noautoconsole Don't automatically try to connect to the guest
console
Device Options:
--serial=SERIALS Configure a guest serial device
--parallel=PARALLELS
Configure a guest parallel device
--channel=CHANNELS Configure a guest communication channel
--console=CONSOLES Configure a text console connection between the guest
and host
--host-device=HOSTDEVS
Configure physical host devices attached to the guest
--soundhw=SOUNDHW Configure guest sound device emulation
--watchdog=WATCHDOG
Configure a guest watchdog device
--video=VIDEO Configure guest video hardware.
--smartcard=SMARTCARD
Configure a guest smartcard device. Ex:
--smartcard mode=passthrough
--redirdev=REDIRDEV
Configure a guest redirection device. Ex:
--redirdev usb,type=tcp,server=192.168.1.1:4000
--panic=PANIC Configure a guest panic device. Ex:
--panic default
Virtualization Platform Options:
-v, --hvm This guest should be a fully virtualized guest
-p, --paravirt This guest should be a paravirtualized guest
--container This guest should be a container guest
--virt-type=HV_TYPE
Hypervisor name to use (kvm, qemu, xen, ...)
--arch=ARCH The CPU architecture to simulate
--machine=MACHINE The machine type to emulate
--noapic Disables APIC for fully virtualized guest (overrides
value in os-type/os-variant db)
--noacpi Disables ACPI for fully virtualized guest (overrides
value in os-type/os-variant db)
-u UUID, --uuid=UUID
UUID for the guest.
Miscellaneous Options:
--autostart Have domain autostart on host boot up.
--print-xml Print the generated domain XML rather than define the
guest.
--print-step=XMLSTEP
Print XML of a specific install step (1, 2, 3, all)
rather than define the guest.
--noreboot Don't boot guest after completing install.
--wait=WAIT Time to wait (in minutes)
--dry-run Run through install process, but do not create devices
or define the guest.
--force Forces 'yes' for any applicable prompts, terminates
for all others
-q, --quiet Suppress non-error output
--prompt Request user input for ambiguous situations or
required options.
-d, --debug Print debugging information
