kubernetes 常用命令

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日常工作中最常用的 kubernetes 命令，做下总结

kubctl 常用命令说明

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[root@ceph0 ~]# kubectl
kubectl controls the Kubernetes cluster manager.

Find more information at: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/overview/

Basic Commands (Beginner):
  create         Create a resource from a file or from stdin.
  expose         使用 replication controller, service, deployment 或者 pod 并暴露它作为一个 新的
Kubernetes Service
  run            在集群中运行一个指定的镜像
  set            为 objects 设置一个指定的特征

Basic Commands (Intermediate):
  explain        查看资源的文档
  get            显示一个或更多 resources
  edit           在服务器上编辑一个资源
  delete         Delete resources by filenames, stdin, resources and names, or by resources and label selector

Deploy Commands:
  rollout        Manage the rollout of a resource
  scale          为 Deployment, ReplicaSet, Replication Controller 或者 Job 设置一个新的副本数量
  autoscale      自动调整一个 Deployment, ReplicaSet, 或者 ReplicationController 的副本数量

Cluster Management Commands:
  certificate    修改 certificate 资源.
  cluster-info   显示集群信息
  top            Display Resource (CPU/Memory/Storage) usage.
  cordon         标记 node 为 unschedulable
  uncordon       标记 node 为 schedulable
  drain          Drain node in preparation for maintenance
  taint          更新一个或者多个 node 上的 taints

Troubleshooting and Debugging Commands:
  describe       显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情
  logs           输出容器在 pod 中的日志
  attach         Attach 到一个运行中的 container
  exec           在一个 container 中执行一个命令
  port-forward   Forward one or more local ports to a pod
  proxy          运行一个 proxy 到 Kubernetes API server
  cp             复制 files 和 directories 到 containers 和从容器中复制 files 和 directories.
  auth           Inspect authorization

Advanced Commands:
  apply          通过文件名或标准输入流(stdin)对资源进行配置
  patch          使用 strategic merge patch 更新一个资源的 field(s)
  replace        通过 filename 或者 stdin替换一个资源
  wait           Experimental: Wait for one condition on one or many resources
  convert        在不同的 API versions 转换配置文件

Settings Commands:
  label          更新在这个资源上的 labels
  annotate       更新一个资源的注解
  completion     Output shell completion code for the specified shell (bash or zsh)

Other Commands:
  alpha          Commands for features in alpha
  api-resources  Print the supported API resources on the server
  api-versions   Print the supported API versions on the server, in the form of "group/version"
  config         修改 kubeconfig 文件
  plugin         Runs a command-line plugin
  version        输出 client 和 server 的版本信息

Usage:
  kubectl [flags] [options]

Use "kubectl <command> --help" for more information about a given command.
Use "kubectl options" for a list of global command-line options (applies to all commands).

查看所有 namespace 下的 pod

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[root@ceph0 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                         READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE
cluster       infra-etcd-cluster-0                         1/1       Running   0          23d
cluster       infra-etcd-cluster-1                         1/1       Running   0          23d
cluster       infra-etcd-cluster-2                         1/1       Running   0          23d
cluster       kube-apiserver-5d76df98fc-8vxlb              1/1       Running   0          23d
cluster       kube-apiserver-5d76df98fc-ds5q7              1/1       Running   1          23d
cluster       kube-apiserver-5d76df98fc-xvbxn              1/1       Running   0          23d
cluster       kube-controller-manager-c47df946f-4rvlr      1/1       Running   22         23d
cluster       kube-controller-manager-c47df946f-j4sw8      1/1       Running   25         23d
cluster       kube-controller-manager-c47df946f-pkhpt      1/1       Running   25         23d
cluster       kube-scheduler-688bddcddc-dkw6g              1/1       Running   21         23d
cluster       kube-scheduler-688bddcddc-ll2hx              1/1       Running   18         23d
cluster       kube-scheduler-688bddcddc-lpbx9              1/1       Running   22         23d
kube-system   etcd-192.168.10.186                          1/1       Running   1          23d
kube-system   etcd-192.168.10.187                          1/1       Running   0          23d
kube-system   etcd-192.168.10.25                           1/1       Running   1          23d
kube-system   kube-proxy-4zkgl                             1/1       Running   0          23d
kube-system   kube-proxy-f56fz                             1/1       Running   0          23d
kube-system   kube-proxy-m6k8b                             1/1       Running   0          23d
kube-system   milky-ctrl-9cc54bcbc-8ktvb                   1/1       Running   11         23d
kube-system   milky-ctrl-9cc54bcbc-9mmbm                   1/1       Running   2          23d
kube-system   milky-ctrl-9cc54bcbc-mwrgl                   1/1       Running   1          23d

参数解释

属性 说明
NAMESPACE 所在的namespace
NAME pod 名称
READY 当前准备就绪的pod 1/1 表示当前1和就绪1个 如果是pod 异常了 这个值会发生变化
STATUS 容器的生命周期
RESTARTS pod 重启的次数
AGE pod 运行的时间

查看所有 namespace 下的 deployments

get deployment 包括namespace 名称 deployment 的name，以及预期副本数 和当前副本数 最新的副本数以及可用的副本数和运行时间

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[root@ceph0 ~]# kubectl get deployments --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                        DESIRED   CURRENT   UP-TO-DATE   AVAILABLE   AGE
cluster       kube-apiserver              3         3         3            3           23d
cluster       kube-controller-manager     3         3         3            3           23d
cluster       kube-scheduler              3         3         3            3           23d
kube-system   milky-ctrl                  3         3         3            3           23d

查看pod 的 IP 和node 地址

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[root@ceph0 ~]# kubectl get pods --all-namespaces -o wide
NAMESPACE     NAME                                         READY     STATUS    RESTARTS   AGE       IP               NODE
cluster       infra-etcd-cluster-0                         1/1       Running   0          23d       192.168.10.187   192.168.10.187
cluster       infra-etcd-cluster-1                         1/1       Running   0          23d       192.168.10.186   192.168.10.186
cluster       infra-etcd-cluster-2                         1/1       Running   0          23d       192.168.10.25    192.168.10.25
cluster       kube-apiserver-5d76df98fc-8vxlb              1/1       Running   0          23d       192.168.10.187   192.168.10.187
cluster       kube-apiserver-5d76df98fc-ds5q7              1/1       Running   1          23d       192.168.10.25    192.168.10.25
cluster       kube-apiserver-5d76df98fc-xvbxn              1/1       Running   0          23d       192.168.10.186   192.168.10.186
cluster       kube-controller-manager-c47df946f-4rvlr      1/1       Running   22         23d       192.168.10.186   192.168.10.186
cluster       kube-controller-manager-c47df946f-j4sw8      1/1       Running   25         23d       192.168.10.187   192.168.10.187
cluster       kube-controller-manager-c47df946f-pkhpt      1/1       Running   25         23d       192.168.10.25    192.168.10.25
cluster       kube-scheduler-688bddcddc-dkw6g              1/1       Running   21         23d       192.168.10.187   192.168.10.187
cluster       kube-scheduler-688bddcddc-ll2hx              1/1       Running   18         23d       192.168.10.186   192.168.10.186
cluster       kube-scheduler-688bddcddc-lpbx9              1/1       Running   22         23d       192.168.10.25    192.168.10.25

查看deployment 配置

describe 用来显示一个指定 resource 或者 group 的 resources 详情。

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[root@ceph0 ~]# kubectl describe deployment kube-apiserver -n cluster
Name:                   kube-apiserver
Namespace:              cluster
CreationTimestamp:      Fri, 15 Feb 2019 17:20:43 +0800
Labels:                 <none>
Annotations:            deployment.kubernetes.io/revision=1
Selector:               component=kube-apiserver
Replicas:               3 desired | 3 updated | 3 total | 3 available | 0 unavailable
StrategyType:           RollingUpdate
MinReadySeconds:        0
RollingUpdateStrategy:  25% max unavailable, 25% max surge
Pod Template:
  Labels:  component=kube-apiserver
  Containers:
   kube-apiserver:
    Image:      harbor-inner.env1.qingzhou.com/library/kube-apiserver-amd64:v1.11.1
    Port:       <none>
    Host Port:  <none>
    Command:
      kube-apiserver
      --bind-address=$(K8S_KUBE_ADVERTISE_ADDRESS)
      --insecure-bind-address=127.0.0.1
      --insecure-port=28080
      --secure-port=26443
      --authorization-mode=Node,RBAC
      --allow-privileged=true
      --kubelet-https=true
      --apiserver-count=3
      --kubelet-client-certificate=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kubernetes.pem
      --kubelet-client-key=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kubernetes-key.pem
      --basic-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/basic-auth.csv
      --enable-bootstrap-token-auth=true
      --token-auth-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/token.csv
      --client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca.pem
      --tls-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kubernetes.pem
      --tls-private-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/kubernetes-key.pem
      --service-account-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/ca-key.pem
      --logtostderr=true
      --log-dir=/var/log/kubernetes
      --requestheader-client-ca-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-ca.pem
      --requestheader-allowed-names=kubernetes
      --requestheader-extra-headers-prefix=X-Remote-Extra-
      --requestheader-group-headers=X-Remote-Group
      --requestheader-username-headers=X-Remote-User
      --proxy-client-cert-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client.pem
      --proxy-client-key-file=/etc/kubernetes/pki/front-proxy-client-key.pem
      --runtime-config=api/all=true
      --enable-aggregator-routing=true
      --admission-control=Initializers,NamespaceLifecycle,LimitRanger,ServiceAccount,DefaultStorageClass,DefaultTolerationSeconds,NodeRestriction,ResourceQuota
      --service-cluster-ip-range=10.88.0.0/16
      --etcd-servers=http://192.168.10.186:14389,http://192.168.10.25:14389,http://192.168.10.187:14389
    Requests:
      cpu:  250m
    Environment:
      K8S_KUBE_ADVERTISE_ADDRESS:   (v1:spec.nodeName)
    Mounts:
      /etc/kubernetes/pki/ from k8spki (ro)
      /etc/localtime from localtime (rw)
      /var/log/kubernetes/ from datalog (rw)
  Volumes:
   k8spki:
    Type:          HostPath (bare host directory volume)
    Path:          /data/user-k8s/cluster/etc/pki
    HostPathType:  DirectoryOrCreate
   datalog:
    Type:          HostPath (bare host directory volume)
    Path:          /data/user-k8s/cluster/log/kubernetes
    HostPathType:  DirectoryOrCreate
   localtime:
    Type:          HostPath (bare host directory volume)
    Path:          /etc/localtime
    HostPathType:
Conditions:
  Type           Status  Reason
  ----           ------  ------
  Progressing    True    NewReplicaSetAvailable
  Available      True    MinimumReplicasAvailable
OldReplicaSets:  kube-apiserver-5d76df98fc (3/3 replicas created)
NewReplicaSet:   <none>
Events:          <none>

查看pod 的 logs

  • -f 实时输出日志
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kubectl logs -f pod-name -n namspaces

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