Maven 基础

2018-01-24 评论字数统计: 4k(字) 阅读时长: 23(分)

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环境变量

export M2_HOME=/Users/wenjun/apache-maven-3.5.2
export PATH=$PATH:$M2_HOME/bin

确认生效

➜  apache-maven-3.5.2 mvn --version
Apache Maven 3.5.2 (138edd61fd100ec658bfa2d307c43b76940a5d7d; 2017-10-18T15:58:13+08:00)
Maven home: /Users/wenjun/apache-maven-3.5.2
Java version: 1.8.0_91, vendor: Oracle Corporation
Java home: /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_91.jdk/Contents/Home/jre
Default locale: zh_CN, platform encoding: UTF-8
OS name: "mac os x", version: "10.13.2", arch: "x86_64", family: "mac"

Maven - POM

POM 代表工程对象模型。它是使用 Maven 工作时的基本组建，是一个 xml 文件。它被放在工程根目录下，文件命名为 pom.xml。

POM 包含了关于工程和各种配置细节的信息，Maven 使用这些信息构建工程。

POM 也包含了目标和插件。当执行一个任务或者目标时，Maven 会查找当前目录下的 POM，从其中读取所需要的配置信息，然后执行目标。能够在 POM 中设置的一些配置如下：

project dependencies
plugins
goals
build profiles
project version
developers
mailing list

在创建 POM 之前，我们首先确定工程组（groupId），及其名称（artifactId）和版本，在仓库中这些属性是工程的唯一标识。

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
   xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
   http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
   <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

   <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>
   <artifactId>project</artifactId>
   <version>1.0</version>

</project>

需要说明的是每个工程应该只有一个 POM 文件。

所有的 POM 文件需要 project 元素和三个必须的字段：groupId, artifactId,version。
在仓库中的工程标识为 groupId:artifactId:version
POM.xml 的根元素是 project，它有三个主要的子节点：

节点	描述
groupId	这是工程组的标识。它在一个组织或者项目中通常是唯一的。例如，一个银行组织 com.company.bank 拥有所有的和银行相关的项目。
artifactId	这是工程的标识。它通常是工程的名称。例如，消费者银行。groupId 和 artifactId 一起定义了 artifact 在仓库中的位置。
version	这是工程的版本号。在 artifact 的仓库中，它用来区分不同的版本。例如：com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.0com.company.bank:consumer-banking:1.1.

Super POM

所有的 POM 都继承自一个父 POM（无论是否显式定义了这个父 POM）。父 POM 也被称作 Super POM，它包含了一些可以被继承的默认设置。

Maven 使用 effective pom（Super pom 加上工程自己的配置）来执行相关的目标，它帮助开发者在 pom.xml 中做尽可能少的配置，当然这些配置可以被方便的重写。

查看 Super POM 默认配置的一个简单方法是执行以下命令：

mvn help:effective-pom

输出

➜  pom mvn help:effective-pom
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.pom (4.7 kB at 1.5 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/12/maven-plugins-12.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/12/maven-plugins-12.pom (12 kB at 26 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/1.3/maven-antrun-plugin-1.3.jar (24 kB at 42 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.pom (15 kB at 38 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/16/maven-plugins-16.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-plugins/16/maven-plugins-16.pom (13 kB at 33 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/2.2-beta-5/maven-assembly-plugin-2.2-beta-5.jar (209 kB at 266 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.pom (11 kB at 29 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/2.8/maven-dependency-plugin-2.8.jar (153 kB at 228 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.pom (9.3 kB at 23 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/release/maven-release/2.3.2/maven-release-2.3.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/release/maven-release/2.3.2/maven-release-2.3.2.pom (8.6 kB at 22 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-release-plugin/2.3.2/maven-release-plugin-2.3.2.jar (44 kB at 106 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-metadata.xml
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/mojo/maven-metadata.xml (20 kB at 48 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-metadata.xml (14 kB at 13 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/maven-metadata.xml
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/maven-metadata.xml (493 B at 1.4 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.pom (8.7 kB at 22 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugins/maven-help-plugin/2.2/maven-help-plugin-2.2.jar (68 kB at 109 kB/s)
[INFO]
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building project 1.0
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-help-plugin:2.2:effective-pom (default-cli) @ project ---
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.pom (4.6 kB at 12 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-2.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-2.4.3.pom (9.9 kB at 25 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.pom (1.3 kB at 3.6 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-container-default/1.0-alpha-7/plexus-container-default-1.0-alpha-7.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-container-default/1.0-alpha-7/plexus-container-default-1.0-alpha-7.pom (1.3 kB at 3.6 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-containers/1.0.2/plexus-containers-1.0.2.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-containers/1.0.2/plexus-containers-1.0.2.pom (471 B at 1.3 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-root/1.0.3/plexus-root-1.0.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/plexus/plexus-root/1.0.3/plexus-root-1.0.3.pom (6.0 kB at 15 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.pom (1.2 kB at 3.2 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.pom (8.6 kB at 22 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream-parent/1.4.3/xstream-parent-1.4.3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream-parent/1.4.3/xstream-parent-1.4.3.pom (19 kB at 48 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/codehaus-parent/3/codehaus-parent-3.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/codehaus-parent/3/codehaus-parent-3.pom (4.1 kB at 10 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.pom
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.pom (386 B at 1.1 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.7/plexus-utils-1.5.7.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.jar
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/apache/maven/plugin-tools/maven-plugin-tools-api/2.4.3/maven-plugin-tools-api-2.4.3.jar (51 kB at 123 kB/s)
Downloading from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/org/codehaus/plexus/plexus-utils/1.5.7/plexus-utils-1.5.7.jar (266 kB at 334 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/xmlpull/xmlpull/1.1.3.1/xmlpull-1.1.3.1.jar (7.2 kB at 8.9 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jdom/jdom/1.0/jdom-1.0.jar (153 kB at 92 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/jtidy/jtidy/4aug2000r7-dev/jtidy-4aug2000r7-dev.jar (138 kB at 82 kB/s)
Downloaded from central: https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2/com/thoughtworks/xstream/xstream/1.4.3/xstream-1.4.3.jar (482 kB at 209 kB/s)
[INFO]
Effective POMs, after inheritance, interpolation, and profiles are applied:

<!-- ====================================================================== -->
<!--                                                                        -->

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>com.companyname.project-group</groupId>
  <artifactId>project</artifactId>
  <version>1.0</version>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>https://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/main/java</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/main/scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/test/java</testSourceDirectory>
    <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/classes</outputDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/main/resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/src/test/resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <directory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target</directory>
    <finalName>project-1.0</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.3.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-clean</id>
            <phase>clean</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>clean</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testResources</id>
            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testResources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-resources</id>
            <phase>process-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>resources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-jar-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-jar</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>jar</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-compile</id>
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>compile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testCompile</id>
            <phase>test-compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.12.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-install</id>
            <phase>install</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>install</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.7</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-site</id>
            <phase>site</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>site</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>site-deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
          <reportPlugins>
            <reportPlugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
            </reportPlugin>
          </reportPlugins>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>/Users/wenjun/Downloads/pom/target/site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
</project>

[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 18.684 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-01-24T11:02:28+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 14M/135M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

eclipse 创建 maven 工程

1.新建项目，选择 Maven-Maven Project

2.按如图所示配置

3.填写好相应的groupId,artifactId,version等信息，点击Finish

4.创建工程，找到pom.xml

比如我们要增加一个 jgit，则其配置如下

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

  <groupId>com.git.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>my-app-simple</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>jar</packaging>

  <name>my-app-simple</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

  <properties>
    <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
  </properties>
<dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.eclipse.jgit</groupId>
            <artifactId>org.eclipse.jgit</artifactId>
            <version>4.8.0.201706111038-r</version>
        </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>junit</groupId>
      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
      <version>3.8.1</version>
      <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
</project>

编辑完保存后工程会自动其下载对应的架包到当前工程

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